Augmentative and Alternative Communication
This blog post was written by Kindred co-founder Josh Cooper.
Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) refers to a set of strategies, techniques, and tools used to supplement or replace spoken communication for individuals who have difficulty with speech or language. AAC encompasses a wide range of methods that support expressive and receptive communication, allowing individuals to express their thoughts, needs, and desires effectively. Here's an overview of augmentative and alternative communication:
Augmentative Communication: Augmentative communication refers to strategies and tools that supplement existing speech or natural gestures. These may include:
Picture Communication Symbols (PCS): Visual symbols or images used to represent words, concepts, or activities. PCS can be presented on communication boards, books, or electronic devices.
Communication Boards: Boards or displays containing symbols, pictures, or words that individuals can point to or touch to convey messages.
Symbol-Based Systems: Systems based on abstract symbols, such as Blissymbols or SymbolStix, which represent words, phrases, or concepts.
Visual Scene Displays: Customized visual scenes or photographs used to support communication within specific contexts or activities.
Alternative Communication: Alternative communication refers to methods used as a substitute for spoken communication when speech is not functional or feasible. These may include:
Sign Language: Manual systems of communication using hand gestures, finger spelling, and facial expressions to convey meaning. American Sign Language (ASL) and other sign languages are examples of alternative communication modalities.
Gesture-Based Communication: Use of gestures, body movements, and pantomime to communicate messages or convey ideas.
Facilitated Communication: Technique in which a communication partner provides physical support to assist an individual in pointing to letters, words, or symbols on a communication device.
High-Tech AAC Devices: High-tech AAC devices utilize electronic technology to support communication. These devices range from simple speech-generating devices (SGDs) with pre-programmed messages to sophisticated tablets and computers equipped with specialized software. High-tech AAC devices offer features such as text-to-speech synthesis, dynamic display options, customizable vocabulary, and environmental control capabilities.
Low-Tech AAC Tools: Low-tech AAC tools are simple, low-cost solutions that support communication. These may include communication boards, picture cards, alphabet boards, or communication books made of paper or laminated materials.
AAC is used by individuals with a wide range of communication needs, including those with developmental disabilities, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injury, ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), and other conditions that affect speech and language. AAC systems are designed to be flexible and customizable to meet the unique needs and preferences of each individual user. The goal of AAC is to enhance communication effectiveness, promote social interaction, support language development, and improve overall quality of life for individuals with communication challenges.
